Wiffle an Example by

Wiffle Today Im going to impart to you three insider facts that will without a doubt assist you with carrying on with a glad and effective life. The facts confirm that the profession of a wiffle ball pitcher is come up short on and infrequently regarded, yet it takes ability to convey strikeouts at the plate. Im going to clarify and exhibit the consolidated developments use to toss three particular throws: the curve, slider, and riser. Before the finish of my short discourse, youll have increased all the information important to sparkle as your neighborhoods wiffle ball pitcher. Before I depict the particular pitches, there are a couple of things to consider in regards to the fundamental material science of a wiffle ball. The openings in this lightweight ball permit the pitcher a few distinct choices to control the ball through the air. Each time you pitch, consider where the openings of the ball are situated and ensure their arrangement coordinates the pitch you expect to convey. Additiona lly when you discharge each pitch, step through with your leg, keep your eyes on the objective, and finish your arm. With a little practice, youll ace the basics of wiffle ball pitching and be prepared to build up your clear-cut advantages various pitches. Need paper test on Wiffle subject? We will compose a custom paper test explicitly for you Continue In the first place, the finger situating is the most significant piece of tossing an ideal curve. Adjust your fingers on the ball so the gaps are on your predominant hand. In the event that youre right gave, your fingers she be twisted around the ball with the gaps confronting the correct side. Lefties should ensure the gaps are appearing on the left side. Position your pointer and ring fingers into the letter V and push the ball firmly between them. It should feel fairly stuck. With your fingers in the right position, you can toss the ball at any plot for it to bend. The most sensational curve can be conveyed by tossing sidearm. Its not important to toss as hard as possible to convey a decent pitch. Indeed, hindering the speed of your pitches can permit time for the ball to move in manners that are progressively hard for the hitter to see, time, and hit. Evaluate various velocities while rehearsing your pitches. For a slider pitch, adhere to similar standards of arranging the gaps on your predominant hand. This pitch will astonish a player since sliders look like fastballs however then bend out of the blue. Once youve got the openings appearing on either the left or the correct side, twist your thumb, record, and center finger looking like the letter C. At the point when you toss the ball, focus on making your forefinger be the last finger that leaves the ball. Investigation with marginally flicking your wrist and as usual, take a gander at your objective and finish! The riser is another staggering weapon in the ordnance of a wiffle ball pitcher. Similarly as a riser pitch crosses the plate, the ball ascends to befuddle the player. Regardless of which hand you use to pitch, position the openings in the wiffle ball down to get the most emerge from your pitch. Hold your fingers in the C position we rehearsed for the slider pitch and spotlight on flicking your wrist as you toss sidearm. Finish is imperative to convey each pitch to its most noteworthy potential, however its particularly fundamental while tossing a riser. Subsequent to tossing this pitch, your knuckles ought to nearly be contacting the ground if youve finished accurately. Test with various points and quality in wrist flicks to consummate your riser ball. Presently that youve aced the curve, slider, and riser, youre prepared to proceed onward to gain proficiency with any of different contributes accessible this noteworthy game. Possibly the Astronaut or the Ultimate Freeze will be the following pitches added to your collection. Wiffle ball isnt just a game for adolescents. Its an extraordinary method to meet companions, unwind, and reproduce. The round of wiffle ball has been a local most loved for a considerable length of time, yet scarcely any individuals acknowledge there are provincial and even proficient groups the nation over. Realizing the correct method to hold and convey a wiffle ball pitch can help you partake, yet succeed, on the field. Practice your various pitches, discover which work best for you, and recall the basics. Whenever you hear the words, Batter up! youll be more than arranged! References: Step by step instructions to pitch a wiffle ball Step by step instructions to toss different wiffle ball pitches: http://www.ehow.com/how_2305028_throw-different wiffle-ball-pitches.html Step by step instructions to toss wiffle ball pitches

Sense of Lost Love Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Feeling of Lost Love - Essay Example The paper will take a straight account model, where I will beginning of the application procedure, diagram the means in the body, and end the venture at the distributing stage. Area 2: The bit by bit Tutorial Guide The Pre-creation Phase Brief The initial phase in the pre-creation step is gathering the data and hardware or prerequisites required for the application. I above all else decided the various types of playback that will be met by the movement. A portion of the conveyance organizes that I considered incorporate the accompanying: Format Resolution (pixels) Frames every Second HDTV (1080i) 1920 x1080 30 HDTV (720p) 1280 x 720 30 DVD 720 x 480 29.97 Web 480 x 320 24 PowerPoint Video 800 x 600 24-30 CD-ROM 640 x 480 24 Print picture (8.5† x 11†) 2550 x 3300 N/A Retrieved from, http://www.frameworkmedia.com/pdfs/animation_process.pdf From the above table, unmistakably various organizations contrast in goals necessities. I was likewise required to have a flat out calen dar time and a working spending range. I needed to guarantee that I give a quality item in the booked cutoff time, so my point was to choose the structure spending range before storyboarding. Template This piece of the pre-creation stage included giving the subtleties of realistic pictures utilized in my system and movement realistic. Among the realistic pictures utilized were video recordings, photos, and outlines to get the genuine picture. Of criticalness additionally were PowerPoint introductions and supporting business sector content, prerecorded voice tracks, composed portrayal contents, court reports, and meetings with realistic specialists to get the specific information required. It was fundamental to shoot video film or take additional photos during this period, explicitly for complex methods or movements that required a high level of authenticity and exactness. Storyboard After I was through with the designs subtleties, my following stage was to start the storyboarding me thod to build up what the activities of the illustrations and how the liveliness will show up. I utilized different types of storyboards, for example, nitty gritty drawings and napkin portrays, placing as a main priority the focal visual components at various focuses in the activity. In this unique situation, I utilized the storyboard during the structure and creation venture to produce all the advantages and models basic for the liveliness. The storyboard was additionally important to guarantee that all the necessities are met when the last movement is created. An idea of significance that I considered was to set an approximated financial plan for my undertaking before storyboarding. I utilized structure choices in the process to disregard explicitly troublesome and excessively expensive shots (frameworkmedia.com). Creation Constructing the mixed media system and applying the procedure The storyboard is presently affirmed, and in this way the creation stage sets in. My 3D measureme nt work process and model is established on Autodesk 3D max, a device frequently utilized in gaming and special visualizations organizations all inclusive. During development, the activity resources are displayed or attracted various measurements. I made my model without any preparation in a 3d max. 3d models from the accessible CAD information to accelerated the development procedure. At last, the 3d models delineated the topology of the hardware that was at last vivified. The level of detail required for the model was driven by the last goals picture and how close to the camera was to the model and the

Information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Data framework - Essay Example During his visit, he met Nandan Nilekani, at that point CEO of Infosys, one of India’s significant IT organizations and after one such gathering with him saw how world has become a â€Å"level playing field† and accordingly compliment. â€Å"Alas, I experienced the smoothing of the world very by accident†¦I was visiting the Indian innovative capital, Bangalore†¦At one point, summarizing the ramifications of this, Nilekani articulated an expression that rang in my ear†¦Tom, the playing field is being leveled.† (Friedman 2005). Globalization close by with innovation especially IT has first ‘flattened’ the serious field in IT division and in different business parts, furthermore, made land limits undetectable and thirdly, helped numerous Third World nations to raise their financial status. Thus, this paper will fundamentally dissect these IS driven contentions of Friedman utilizing the standards of Information needs of associations and So cio-specialized frameworks Friedman isolates globalization into three chronicled eliminates and furthermore focuses the key power which impacted globalization in each stage, and how the world decreased after each stage. He terms the main stage as Globalization 1.0 and states that beginning from the year 1492 and till 1800, the world contracted from an enormous size to a medium size, with the outlook of individuals of those occasions to find new places, scan for places with assets and imperialistic inclinations, going about as the affecting power. At that point, Globalization 2.0 was noticeable from 1800 to 2000, during which organizations because of opening up of business sectors by different nations and significantly because of headway of innovations, began globalizing and getting to new nations, along these lines diminishing the size of the world much further. At long last, Friedman expounds on Globalization 3.0, which began around 2000 is as yet proceeding with greater turn of events. He expresses that in t his present

Dirty Facts About Biology Extended Essay Topics Examples Exposed

Dirty Facts About Biology Extended Essay Topics Examples Exposed The Hidden Treasure of Biology Extended Essay Topics Examples Our experts always advise getting something that's close to you. If you get a totally free subject, you should recognize the region of your primary interest. When picking a biology topic, ensure you know what's happening. If you're really stuck trying to discover a not too broad or narrow topic, I would advise attempting to brainstorm a topic that utilizes a comparison. Atomic theory is the notion that matter consists of small particles made from atoms the atomic theory first had 5 points that were stated by john. If you pick a topic on human diseases and their behaviors, it is going to be challenging for you to experiment your ideas and ideas. You can do external studying to observe how others have defined this notion, but you need to also weigh in with your own comprehension and definition. Discuss from a scientific viewpoint, the philosophy and biology of the notion of love. More than a few of them require only 2000 words for an entire investigation. You should come up with your question based on your subject and the chief theme. If you've already decided on the most suitable topic of interest, make certain you include that while placing the purchase. Thus, you'll hardly find someone who hates this subject. If your school isn't one already, learn to develop into an IB World School to be able to implement the DP. Supervisors need to make sure the student has a fantastic plan to move forward with. High school students who complete the programme receive a chance to create their college application seem more attractive for the committee, in addition to obtain some exceptional interdisciplinary understanding. Some teachers might just take on students since they have to and might not be passionate about reading drafts and might not provide you a good deal of feedback. Biology Extended Essay Topics Examples: the Ultimate Convenience! Now you are prepar ed to make your research question. Discuss how biology is presently being used in managing threats to global peace. A research structure is like the form of an hourglass, and your biology project structure isn't any different. Just keep in mind that it is the key. Psychology is a significant utility in regards to helping people jump over hurdles in nearly any life situation. Our is always open and you'll receive all the help that you demand. You may also seek the help of the web. Biology Extended Essay Topics Examples - the Story When you're writing an essay on biology, you have to make certain your topic is all up to date. If you don't have a topic we'll provide you with an opportunity to select one from a collection of psychology extended essay topics that will be given by your writer. Even more, you might want to select a trendy topic. Additionally, by definition, some topics aren't acceptable for a protracted essay in physics, which is an experimental science with a certain strategy and techniques. Just as with any other essay, you could write many topics for elongated essays. A protracted essay is among the most crucial sections of your IB Diploma. It is a type of academic writing assignment, which success depends on the structure. You will construct your whole extended essay around it. Below are twenty example topics for a drawn-out essay in biology you can have a close look at them so as to compose your own. You are going to be able to discover enough info on every one of them to conduct your research and answer your essay's major questions. For a student who's taking up a class in biology, it's essential for you to realize that at some point in time you're going to be asked to compose an essay. The support of Genetics in understanding the fundamental concepts of Zoology. Biology Extended Essay Topics Examples at a Glance If you're able to do that, there's a very excellent possibility you will easily be in a superb place to ace the paper. You won't be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in a week and receive an A. Of course, you can't just produce a suitable issue to develop on the go. In the event you want a bit more guidance on how to have an A EE.

Essay about Federal Welfare Reform - 1651 Words

Federal Welfare Reform: A Critical Perspective Abstract: This project will examine â€Å"welfare reform,† which was signified by the signing of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWOA) in 1996. PRWOA replaced the original welfare act of 1935, titled Aid to Dependent Children (later changed to Aid to Families with Dependent Children), with the program Temporary Assistance to needy Families (TANF). Under PRWOA, TANF was instated as a system of block grants allocated to states to implement their own forms of assistance and replaced programs like the cash-assistance program, Aid to Families with Dependent Children, and the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training. The most influential change of this legislation†¦show more content†¦Yet, by focusing exclusively on the decline in TANF caseloads, welfare reform is portrayed as a wild success that has allowed families to â€Å"move from dependence on welfare to greater independence through work† (U.S. Department of Health). These sources talk extensively about â€Å"empowerment,† â€Å"protection,† and â€Å"independence† as related directly to work, welfare reform, and its reauthorization. They emphasize a â€Å"national† interest in spending cuts which they assume to be exclusive from the interests of the nation’s poor. The other sources I consulted that were unaffiliated with the government either contradicted or conflicted with the analysis of welfare reform’s success in one way or another. Instead of focusing on the decline in TANF caseloads, these sources looked critically and holistically at welfare reform as a policy and its effect on individuals and families. Instead of ending the analysis with the removal of recipients from the welfare roles, Fremstad, Melendez, and Goldberg examine the long term consequences of removal in terms of poverty, remaining barriers to employment such as disability or childcare, and the affects of reduced educational capitol. In emphasizing these aspects of welfare reform’s impact, the authors reach dramatically different conclusions than the government affiliated sources. Fremstad, Melendez, andShow MoreRelated Social Welfare Past and Present Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Welfare Past and Present Social welfare is an expansive system proposed to maintain the well being of individuals within a society. This paper will explain the progression from the feudal system and church provisions for the poor before the Elizabethan Poor Law to the gradual assumption of the responsibility for the poor by the government. A responsibility assumed not out of humanity and concern for the poor, but as a process of standardizing the ways in which the poor were to be managedRead MoreEssay about Welfare Reform: Promoting Independence and Self-Reliance1740 Words   |  7 PagesWelfare Reform: Promoting Independence and Self-Reliance Mary Smith gets up every day at 6 am and begins to hustle around the house. She rouses her three children from their slumber and forces them to get ready for school. Once the kids are on the bus, she hops in her car and heads off to her job at the local fast food restaurant. After working her seven hours at the restaurant, she goes to her night course at the college in town. The course she is taking will help her get her high schoolRead More Management Issues of Implementing Welfare to Work Programs In California3087 Words   |  13 PagesManagement Issues of Implementing Welfare to Work Programs In California In August of 1996, our chief executive of the United States, President Clinton, changed the structure of welfare dependency. He signed into law, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. This act, with its entire new legislature, has come to be known as welfare reform. Our state leaders, administrators and managers face many challenges and constraints in their attempt to implement a law, whichRead MoreEssay Unanswered Questions about Welfare Reform2747 Words   |  11 Pagesabout Welfare Reform   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Welfare is a means of financial assistant for poverty stricken individuals. Year after year presidents have attempted to reconstruct the welfare system so it does not act as a backbone for those who do not want to work, and year after year success seemed out of reach. That is, until President Bill Clinton thought he had the answer. He signed the new welfare reform act in August of 1996, vowing to â€Å"end welfare as we know it.† Terminating a 62 year-old federal entitlementRead MoreWelfare Reform: A Matter of Public Debate2503 Words   |  10 PagesWelfare reform has been a matter of public debate for decades. Welfare is a result of America’s values to support one’s fellow man, but with the stark decline of the economy every state is feeling pressure and looking for new ways to save money. This pressure is manifesting as changes to welfare that are theorized to improve the quality of life for poor families, create a stronger workforce, and s ave taxpayers money. Theory, however, is one thing, and practice is definitely another. This paper willRead MoreFood Stamp Reform Bill Proposal Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesAssistance Becoming the New Normal). Food banks are designed for extreme measures such a natural disaster, extreme weather conditions, and the homeless. Because food is in short supply, our National government should create and endorse a New Food Stamp Reform Bill; because some individuals who are receiving the benefits that are allotted to them are committing fraud. Hard working Americans who make below the poverty line are denied every day for assistance because abusers are finding new creative waysRead MoreEssay on Welfare2968 Words   |  12 Pages Welfare nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Welfare. Whether you collect it, or you pay for it (and for EVERY working American does one of the two), most citizens of our country are familiar with it. Yet as every second of the day passes, more and more of my money and yours is being allotted to this growing epidemic called welfare. The Personal Responsibility Act, signed by the President, was a monumental change in welfare as we know, or used to know it. The welfare system is still in need or more strictRead More Welfare Reform - Welfare Recipients MUST take Personal Responsibility1248 Words   |  5 PagesWelfare Reform - Welfare Recipients MUST take Personal Responsibility   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public Welfare is an important support system of the United States government. Welfare has its benefits, but the system has pitfalls. Instead of abolishing welfare as critics of the system suggest, reforms can be made to correct the problems while government, either on the state or federal level, can continue to assist the impoverished.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The term welfare is used to describe a variety of programs that provide Read MoreWelfare to Work Programs Essays932 Words   |  4 Pagesof poverty that requires some type of social welfare policy. Poverty is not a stranger to the United States and therefore it created program such as welfare to assist the poor. The welfare system has evolved over the years sometime for the good and others for the bad. In 1996, President Bill Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. This law changes the way welfare function. This paper will examine welfare to work programs in the United States. Read MoreReforming The Welfare System Reform Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pagesthe welfare system was first initiated by Bill Clinton in 1996, by keeping a promise â€Å"to end welfare as we know it.† Between the years of 1989 and 1994, there had been a 33% increase in the number of households receiving welfare. Originally, these pro visions of reform were implemented as a strategy to increase labor market production among public assistance recipients. Many held the belief that those receiving welfare had become too dependent on public assistance. It was suggested that welfare discouraged

Essay on Benefits and Effects of Different Types of Training

People often think that bodybuilding is the best way to show off muscle strength. Instead, there are smarter ways to gain strength and show off strength and it can be done in more effective ways than straight weight lifting. In this report, I will show the benefits and effects of different types of training. Strong muscles, being essential to good health, can be built and toned through many different forms of exercise. Three primary methods of strength training are traditional exercise, alternative exercise and other miscellaneous methods of training. Traditional exercise is mainly things that you will find at your normal gym like weights, treadmills and other common equipment. Alternative exercise includes group classes and sports.†¦show more content†¦Trainers can also give you exercises to do without any equipment at all, so you can do them at home. Another thing that trainers do is mix pieces of equipment, like making you use weights while on an exercise machine. Also , if personal trainers are too expensive or hard to get, group classes are a great option. You will get most of the same exercises, just in a group environment. Group classes are also great because you can be inspired t(o work harder, faster, more frequently, etc.) by other people in the class. Alternative exercise is another option for muscle strengthening. Good forms of alternative exercise are group classes. The classes do not necessarily need to be group exercise classes, there are many other classes available that will strengthen you. Yoga is one of those classes. Yoga not only stretches your muscles out so they have more room to grow, you also usually work in a warm or hot environment, which makes your muscles work harder. Yoga involves balance, concentration, and relaxation. These things are all necessary and relevant to muscle strengthening because if you do too much strengthening in a short amount of time, like a week, you could possibly get injured. Pilates is another clas s that is great for strengthening. Pilates is a strengthening class that works smaller, but essential muscles in your body. Pilates also has lots of great core exercises involved. Another form of group classes is martial arts. Martial arts makes your body work in manyShow MoreRelatedHealth Effects Of High Intensity Interval Training On Type 2 Diabetes1332 Words   |  6 PagesHEALTH EFFECTS OF HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON TYPE 2 DIABETES Many people suffer from type 2 diabetes, a type of metabolic disease (Curry et al., 2015; Hawley Gibala, 2012). The prevalence of this disease has been increasing; one reason for this increase could be increased consumption of food as well as decreased prevalence of physical activity (Hawley Gibala, 2012). Patients with type 2 diabetes are not able to metabolise glucose properly (Curry et al., 2015). Type 2 diabetes can causeRead MoreThe Effect Of Resistance Training On Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, And Sleep944 Words   |  4 PagesAlso, we know anxiety and depression are viewed as underlying causes of low self-esteem. Those who suffer from low self-esteem tend to experience some type of fear and anxiety. O’connor, Herring, and Caravalho (2010) systematically review evidence that supports resistance training influencing anxiety, depression, fatigue, self-esteem, and sleep. Nevermore, many of the outcomes seem to share a biological influence. The neural mechanisms that unde rlie and regulate our health outcomes are largely discreteRead MoreThe Effect Of High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol On Abdominal Fat Reduction In Overweight Chinese Women?1503 Words   |  7 Pagesconducted a study called Effect of high-intensity interval training protocol on abdominal fat reduction in overweight Chinese women: a randomized controlled trial. These researchers were concerned regarding the rising obesity rate around the world and all of the health concerns surrounding it; especially about visceral and subcutaneous fat. So in this study, they wanted to monitor the effect of high-intensity interval training, and moderate intensity continuous training has on visceral and subcutaneousRead MoreTraining Programs Essay1534 Words   |  7 PagesWith the advance of the internet, many brain training programs have emerged online, designing to use game and software to exercise its users’ brain. They often claim or imply that these kinds of exercises may improve hu man’s intelligence and generate benefits on many aspects of life. For example, Lumosity, supposedly having 70 million members, is a brain training program claiming to improve cognitive abilities such as memory and speech processing. However, in 2016, US Federal Trade Commission hadRead MoreThe Benefits Of High Intensity Interval Training On Obese And Obese Women1741 Words   |  7 Pages The Benefits of High Intensity Interval Training on Obese and Overweight Women Jamela Rabino San Francisco State University  The Benefits of High Intensity Interval Training on Obese and Overweight Women Obesity is a prevalent and life-threatening health condition among our nation as a majority of individuals become3 more sedentary, exercise programs such as high intensity interval training (HIIT) have been developed. HIIT has become a widely known form of training that consistsRead MoreThe Importance Of Online Cognitive Training Programs1422 Words   |  6 PagesAlzheimer’s is a progressive disease that often leaves people upset, confused and completely dependent on others to survive. With a rapidly growing older population worried about memory loss, online cognitive training programs have recently exploded across the internet. NeuroNation, Luminosity, My Brain Training and many other sites promise to boost memory, attention, and other cognitive skills that could be lost to the aging process. While research has shown that engaging in such tasks does help the brainRead MoreThe Benefits of an Accurate Job Analysis Essay950 Words   |  4 Pagesthe person. Companies would be nefit and be more efficient to have an up to date and current job analysis on the different positions they offer. This will allow them to hire in the best workers, conduct proper training, and give accurate employee evaluations. There are many reasons as to why we need job analysis. Selecting the right person for a particular job can be difficult if we don’t establish the specific duties and skills required by the job. Job training can also be difficult if we areRead MoreThe Organization s And Employee s Motivational Needs Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pagesonline services. For a company to be this successful, there had to be some intense and thorough training in areas such as: legal requirements, diversity, and employee growth. Therefore, we will look at some of the major components to their effective training plan and how it effects the organization’s and employee’s motivational needs. Legal Requirements of Training One of the most critical aspects of any training program are the legal requirements. There are three items to consider that will help minimizeRead MoreEight Ways to Improve Performance for Touch Football Player Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesresponse to training; these include a change in stroke volume, heart rate, cardiac output, oxygen uptake, lung capacity, hemoglobin levels, muscle hypertrophy and the effect on slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers. A touch football player would expect to experience the benefits of training after ten weeks. The first of these many benefits includes a change in stroke volume. An athlete’s stroke volume is the amount of blood that is pumped around their body in one beat. In response to training a touchRead MoreThe Benefits of Strength Training1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe benefits of strength training not only include increased physical strength, but the ability to negate or control certain diseases while improving conditions associated with aging. Studies have shown that initial increases in strength seen in the beginning stages of strength training programs are largely due to neural factors, even though, the process responsible for muscle growth is evident in early weeks of training. Research shows that different types of neural adaptations like enhanced coordination

Determinants of Employee Engagement-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Critically evaluate the use of key motivational theories in increasing Employee engagement. Answer: In the present business state of affairs, human resource management is one of the key aspects to be considered in maintaining the effective working environment in the organizations (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). Employee engagement is one of the key objectives for the human resource management for the organizations. It refers to the implementing various activities and practices to increase the level of motivation of the employees in the organizations. The more motivated will be the employees, the more will be their level of productivity in the workplace. Thus, eventually it will help to increase the organizational effectiveness of the organizations. There are various theories being given by different author regarding the employee engagement (Anitha 2014). This essay will discuss about different theories being given and will be compared with one another to determine their effectiveness. In addition, the theories being implemented by various organizations will also be discussed in this e ssay. The first theory to be discussed is the Maslows needs theory. According to this theory, there are five basic aspects of needs for motivating human beings. The needs are being presented in a hierarchical structure based on their importance in the human life. According to this theory the first or the most basic need is physiological needs (Lester 2013). This refers to the basic needs of air, water, food and shelter. The next step is the safety needs, which refers to the associated safety and security required by the individuals. It includes job security, financial security and health security. The next step is the social needs which refer to the care and belongingness of the individuals. Effective working environment is also being included in this part (Korzyynski 2013). Esteem needs is the next part which includes self respect, confidence and recognition. The last part being the self actualization needs. It refers to the growth or potential to grow being possessed by the individuals. Thus, following this theory in the organization will help to improve the motivation of the employees. This is due to the reason that, the physiological needs of the employees can be fulfilled by providing those best possible salaries. In the case of the safety needs, effective working environment being implemented by the organizations for their employees will help to provide safety and security to the employees in their workplace. Initiating various employee welfare schemes and effective team work in the organizations will enable the employees in fulfilling their social needs (Gallie et al. 2012). Promotion and continuous growth in the organization will help the employees in fulfilling their esteem needs. The last needs of self actualization of the employees can be fulfilled by utilizing the potential of the employees optimally. Moreover, the growth policy of the organization should provide the opportunities to their employees in promoting them up to the top level management. However, a limitation is being identified with this theory. This theory is state about various needs of the employees, however, in the practical situation; all the employees will not have the same level of needs (Taormina and Gao 2013). In addition, not all the employees will have all these stated needs. Thus, this theory may not be applied in every organization. For instance, Google applied this theory in their internal management. They take care of all the required needs of the employees from all the hierarchical levels. The varied and diversified needs of different employees are being taken care of (Gallie et al. 2012). Thus, Google is known for effective employee engagement policies. In addition, the employees in Google is much more engaged and motivated than any other competitors employees. The next theory to be discussed is McClellands theory of needs. According to this theory, employees can be motivated by basic three needs. These include need for power, achievement and affiliation (Royle and Hall 2012). Need for power can be provided to the employees by offering effective growth structure in the organization. It will help the best performers to climb the hierarchical ladder more effectively and quickly (Weske 2012). Need for achievement can be fulfilled by offering the employees more challenging job which will increase the feeling of achievement among the employees upon accomplishment. Need for affiliation of the employees can be fulfilled by implementing effective working environment in the organization. It will help to increase the level of mutual understanding and cooperation among the employees. Compared to the Maslows need theory, this theory offers more holistic approach of motivating the employees. Organizations will have more ease in dividing the policies regarding the employee engagement due to the reason that they have to divide it in three aspects compared to the five aspects of Maslows (Andrew and Sofian 2012). However, this theory also contains limitations. One of the key limitations of this theory is that, organizations will find it difficult to provide all the employees the need of power or achievement. For instance, Decathlon provides their employees ample opportunities in promotion and job growth (Royle and Hall 2012). However, they also finds it difficult it fulfilling a particular type of needs for all the employees. The next theory is Herzbergs two factor theory. According to this theory, organizations should consider two factors, motivators and hygiene factors to maintain the level of motivation for the employees (Malik and Naeem 2013). The motivators refer to the factors which enhance the level of satisfaction among the employees. However, absence of these factors will not lead to dissatisfaction of the employees. On the other hand, hygiene factors refer to the factors which prevent the dissatisfaction of the employees. Implementing these factors will also not increase the satisfaction of the employees. These are the basic needs to be considered in the organization. This theory is much more realistic compared to other two theories. This theory helps the organizations to identify the factors for maintaining and enhancing the motivation level of the employees. However, the limitation that has been identified with this theory is lack of relativity with the practical situation. There are various n eeds of the employees (Tarique 2014). Several employees can get satisfied with fulfillment of the hygiene factors; on the other hand, employees can get dissatisfied even with the fulfillment of the motivators. Thus, these factors are being depended on the individual preference patterns. For instance, Microsoft maintains the effective working environment in their internal organization by offering the basic or hygiene needs of the employees. It helps them in preventing the dissatisfaction of the employees (Malik and Naeem 2013). On the other hand, motivational factors such as rewards, incentives, promotional opportunities and job recognition are being provided by them to the employees in order to motivate them to increasing their productivity. The next theory to be discussed is the ERG theory of motivation. This theory is being designed to better synchronize the Maslows theory of motivation (Caulton 2012). According to this theory, three needs are to be considered by the organizations in order to increase the level of motivation among the employees. These are existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs. Existence needs refers to the basic two needs being mentioned in the Maslows need theory. This includes the basic necessities of the employees in their life. Relatedness needs refer to the social and esteem needs which can be fulfilled by providing the effective working environment in the organization. Growth needs refers to the achievement and personal growth of the employees (Weng and McElroy 2012). The main advantage of this theory over Maslows is that, this theory considers more practical overview compared to the Maslows. According to this theory, the dissatisfaction of the employees regarding not fulfilling the basic needs can be overcome by fulfilling the esteem and social needs and vice versa. On the other hand, Maslow stated that it is a gradual process and should cover all the aspects for employee engagement. One limitation being identified with this theory is regarding its effectiveness in the employee engagement. This is due to the reason that, there are may be several employees whose dissatisfaction for not fulfilling the basic needs cannot be overcome by fulfilling other needs. They have other perspective which is not being considered in this theory. For instance, employee engagement in Emirates faces issues due to the reason that, several employees are being dissatisfied with their basic needs and several other are satisfied and vice versa (Abraham 2012). Now, this is quite difficult for the organization to overcome all the dissatisfactions of the employees by implementing a singular approach of employee engagement (Caulton 2012). The next theory is the Vrooms expectancy theory. This theory states a complete different approach compared to the above discussed ones. According to this theory, the motivation for the employees is more of expected outcome of the employees from a particular job unlike the other theories where needs of the employees are being considered to enhance the level of motivation of the employees (Parijat and Bagga 2014). This theory states that the expectation of an employee regarding the rewards and recognition being achieved from performing the task is the main factor for employee motivation. Thus, organization should enhance the employee importance and offers job having greater sense of achievement (Dalal et al. 2012). The main advantage of this theory over others is its employee orientation. Unlike the other theories, this theory offers the opportunity to consider the diversified and varied expectations of the employees and offering jobs accordingly. However, this theory also comprise of limitations. One of the key limitations of this theory is that, the system of rewarding the employees is not always being proportioned with the performance. Various organizations offer rewards based on the skills, qualification and the position of the employees. Thus, this theory will not be applicable in this case. For instance, Daimler considers their employees as their one of the key stakeholders for the organization. Thus, the employees are given importance in accomplishment of the responsibilities (Parijat and Bagga 2014). The jobs are being designed in the organization in such a way that it will provide the sense of achievement for the employees. The next theory is the goal setting theory of motivation. According to this theory, the goals or objectives of the job being offered to the employees is the key factor for enhancing the employee performance (Miner 2015). The more challenging and creative job to be offered to the employees along with necessary feedback, the more will be the employee motivation. Setting of effective goals helps the employees in having the clear and precise idea about what and how to accomplish the job role. The main advantage of this theory is having no need of implementing any schemes or policies in the organization in order to enhance the employee motivation. This theory helps the organizations in providing feedback to the employees and vice versa (Whitaker and Levy 2012). Thus, the communication channel gets enhanced. Moreover, it covers the holistic and diversified employee requirement in order to motivate them in their workplace. One of the key limitations being identified with this theory is not considering the diversified skills possessed by different employees. Many employees are there who get motivated with less challenging role rather than having more challenging roles. In addition, complex and difficult goals further de-motivate the employees. For instance, Dell uses this goal setting theory in increasing the motivation of the employees (Miner 2015). The employees are being properly guided and mentored in their job responsibilities. Thus, the employees feel more involved and engaged in their workplace. The next theory to be discussed is the equity theory of motivation. According to this theory, ethics in the organizations are also one of the key determinants to enhance the motivational level of the employees (Al-Zawahreh and Al-Madi 2012). This theory states that, the extent to which fairness, transparencies and ethics being followed by the organization influence the employees in enhancing their level of engagement. The more the organizations will follow ethical principles, the more will be the positive motivation of the employees. Compared to the other motivational theories, this theory considers the ethics over any materialistic needs of the employees in determining the level of motivation. However, one limitation being identified with this theory is that, all the employees may not be motivated with the ethical principles being followed by the organization. Majority of the employees are being motivated by having materialistic appraisals by the organizations. Thus, this theory cannot be applied with all the employees and organizations. For instance, Microsoft is one of the leading organizations in terms of fairness and following ethical principles. However, the employees in the organization may not be motivated by portraying these examples to them (Al-Zawahreh and Al-Madi 2012). Thus, they have promotes various appraisals for their employees in order to motivate them. The last topic to be discussed in this essay is the Bandura social learning theory. This theory is not defining the concept of employee motivation like the other theories did (Rosenthal and Zimmerman 2014). According to this theory, the level of motivation of the employees can be influenced by following or imitation of the co-employees in the organization. Thus, it is the responsibility of the organization to implement the effective working environment in the internal premises in order to motivate the employees by following one another. The key limitation of this theory is that, it lacks the consideration of practical situation in the organizations. In the few organizations, employees may get influenced by some negative personalities of other co-workers. Thus, it will cause negative implications for the organizations. Thus, from the above discussion of the various theories of motivation, it can be concluded that majority of the theories lacks the consideration of practical situations. Most of theories cannot be applicable by the organizations in a holistic approach. It is due to the reason that, the theories being discussed do not consider the diversity in the requirement of the employees (Facer et al. 2014). However, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that expectancy theory of motivation and goal setting theory of motivation is comparatively more effective than the other theories. This is due to the reason that other theories discussed about the needs of the employees to be fulfilled in order to increase their effectiveness. However, the needs of the employees is variable in nature and thus, it cannot be fulfilled by implementing a singular approach. Moreover, it is quite difficult for the organizations to promote separate initiatives for the employees. Thus, these theories cannot be applied in the practical situation. Expectancy and goal setting model of motivation discussed about the expectation of the employees from their respective job responsibilities and the influence of goal setting. Thus, these theories can be applied in more holistic approach in the organizations. It will not require determining the individual perspective in implementation of the theories in the organization. Effective implementation of these theories in the organizations will help to create an effective working environment for the employees along with enhancing the level of motivation and engagement of the employees. It will enable the organizations in having increased the productivity level and increase in the core competencies in the market. Moreover, the more employee engagement will lead to more effective customer service. Thus, the image and goodwill of the organizations can also be get enhanced with the help of these theories References Abraham, S., 2012. Job Satisfaction as an Antecedent to Employee Engagement.SIES Journal of Management,8(2). Al-Zawahreh, A. and Al-Madi, F., 2012. The utility of equity theory in enhancing organizational effectiveness.European journal of economics, finance and administrative sciences,46, pp.158-170. Andrew, O.C. and Sofian, S., 2012. Individual factors and work outcomes of employee engagement.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,40, pp.498-508. Anitha, J., 2014. Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International journal of productivity and performance management. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Caulton, J.R., 2012. The development and use of the theory of erg: A literature review.Emerging Leadership Journeys,5(1), pp.2-8. Dalal, R.S., Baysinger, M., Brummel, B.J. and LeBreton, J.M., 2012. The relative importance of employee engagement, other job attitudes, and trait affect as predictors of job performance.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,42(S1). Facer Jr, D.C., Galloway, F., Inoue, N. and Zigarmi, D., 2014. Creation and initial validation of the Motivation Beliefs Inventory: Measuring leaders beliefs about employee motivation using four motivation theories.Journal of Business Administration Research,3(1), p.1. Gallie, D., Zhou, Y., Felstead, A. and Green, F., 2012. Teamwork, skill development and employee welfare.British Journal of Industrial Relations,50(1), pp.23-46. Korzynski, P., 2013. EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN NEW WORKING ENVIRONMENT.International journal of academic research,5(5). Lester, D., 2013. Measuring Maslow's hierarchy of needs.Psychological Reports,113(1), pp.15-17. Malik, M.E. and Naeem, B., 2013. Towards understanding controversy on Herzberg theory of motivation.World Applied Sciences Journal,24(8), pp.1031-1036. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Parijat, P. and Bagga, S., 2014. Victor Vrooms expectancy theory of motivationAn evaluation.International Research Journal of Business and Management (IRJBM),7(9), pp.1-8. Rosenthal, T.L. and Zimmerman, B.J., 2014.Social learning and cognition. Academic Press. Royle, M.T. and Hall, A.T., 2012. The relationship between McClellands theory of needs, feeling individually accountable, and informal accountability for others. Taormina, R.J. and Gao, J.H., 2013. Maslow and the motivation hierarchy: Measuring satisfaction of the needs.The American journal of psychology,126(2), pp.155-177. Tarique, I., 2014.Seven Trends in Corporate Training and Development: Strategies to Align Goals with Employee Needs. Pearson Education. Weng, Q. and McElroy, J.C., 2012. Organizational career growth, affective occupational commitment and turnover intentions.Journal of Vocational Behavior,80(2), pp.256-265. Weske, M., 2012. Business process management architectures. InBusiness Process Management(pp. 333-371). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Whitaker, B.G. and Levy, P., 2012. Linking feedback quality and goal orientation to feedback seeking and job performance.Human Performance,25(2), pp.159-178.

Online Shopping Safety free essay sample

Are you going to shop online this year? There are many people who shop online and have done so for several years without incident. Considering all the internet transactions that take place, various studies suggest that the percentage of those that are fraudulent are actually very small. Nonetheless, it only takes one time to put your financial world into a downward spiral. Today, I hope to empower you with some knowledge of what you can do to reduce the likelihood of being a target of fraud while shopping online. I’m going to give you tips on where to shop safely, what to look for, things about the technologies you’re going to use to do your shopping and finally tips on purchasing things on the internet. So, let’s get started! BODY: I. Where to shop safely. A. Stick to the retailers that you know. 1. Go directly to the retailer’s website. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Shopping Safety or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Avoid clicking on links from other pages that you think are going to take you there. 2. Beware of any misspellings on the domain address of the page. B. When in doubt check them out!! There are several ways that you can check this. . Is it a secure site? a. Sites are secure through a process of encryption, which is the technology that scrambles sensitive information (like your credit card number) so that only the designated merchant can read it. b. Look at the website’s URL and make sure that the address starts with HTTPS or that the padlock is closed on your browser when you are entering your financial information. 2. Additional security verifications are done through 3rd party companies. c. BBBOnline (Better Business Bureau Online) and Truste are most recognized and recommended. d. Recognize that these are just logos and you need to go to the actual 3rd party’s site and verify. II. Next, let’s take a look at the device (i. e. computer, tablet, smart phone) you use to do your online shopping. A. Is it a personal or shared (meaning public) machine? You want to avoid shopping on a shared device because of the possible spyware that may be installed on it. 1. Shopping at home is the preferred way, although mobile shopping is becoming increasing popular due to smart phones. Be extra cautious in verifying the credibility of the site in this scenario. 2. Make sure the Wi-Fi you are using is password protected and stick to familiar Wi-Fi hotspots (i. e. Starbucks). 3. Keep your browser up to date with the latest version. B. Make sure you have an internet security suite that includes an antivirus, firewall and antispyware installed and up to date with latest version. 1. Don’t click on links in emails as sometimes they have viruses attached to them. 2. Don’t click on unsolicited messages with . exe file extension unless it is from a trusted source. III. Now and most importantly, let’s talk about how we purchase things on the internet. A. There are many ways to pay for our purchases. 1. First let’s talk about debit vs. credit cards. Credit cards are the safest way to purchase. This is because you have the option of doing charge backs if needed, whereas, with debit cards you don’t have that option. 2. You can also use gift cards. 3. Another trending way is called online only or virtual credit cards which is where a bank or credit card company gives you a credit card number that is not your real account number but is able to make online purchases. 4. Alternately, if your still not sure or just don’t feel comfortable giving your credit information out, many online retailers have the option for you to order products online and pay for them over the phone. B. And finally, keep a paper trail. Print and save all your online transactions. Also, check your credit card statements as soon as you get them or check them online regularly as you practice your safe shopping habits. CONCLUSION: So, if you’re going to do some shopping online, remember, where to shop safely, use a secure site, computer and payment method and finally keep a good paper trail!

Free Essays on Joseph Mccarthy

Early Years Joseph Raymond McCarthy was born on a farm in the Town of Grand Chute, near Appleton, Wisconsin, on November 15, 1908. He attended the Underhill School, a one-room schoolhouse, where he completed eighth grade. Bored with farm work, McCarthy started his own chicken business as a teenager, but disease wiped out his flock. Broke at age 20, he worked as a clerk in an Appleton grocery store, quickly becoming manager. In 1929, McCarthy was transferred to Manawa to manage a new grocery store. While there, he entered Little Wolf High School, completing the four-year curriculum in nine months. McCarthy’s excellent grades enabled him to attend Marquette University in Milwaukee, which he entered in the fall of 1930. In school, he coached boxing, and was elected president of his law school class, all while working a series of part-time jobs. Immediately after gaining his law degree in 1935, McCarthy opened a practice in Waupaca. He later joined a law firm in Shawano, becoming a partner in 1937. McCarthy's first attempt at public office was an unsuccessful run for the post of Shawano District Attorney as a Democrat in 1936. In 1939, he sought the nonpartisan post of judge in the Tenth Judicial Circuit, covering Langlade, Shawano, and Outagamie Counties. He campaigned tirelessly, defeating the incumbent judge, who had served for 24 years. At age 30, McCarthy became the youngest circuit judge ever elected in Wisconsin. Borrowing the money, McCarthy made a down-payment on a house at 1508 Lorain Court in Appleton, not far from his new office at the Outagamie County Courthouse. As a judge, McCarthy was credited with being hard-working and fair, but he was also rebuked by the Wisconsin Supreme Court for an "abuse of judicial authority" after destroying court records. He was later censured for violating the ethical code that prohibited sitting judges from running for non-judicial posts. In July, 1942, shortly after the start of World Wa... Free Essays on Joseph Mccarthy Free Essays on Joseph Mccarthy Early Years Joseph Raymond McCarthy was born on a farm in the Town of Grand Chute, near Appleton, Wisconsin, on November 15, 1908. He attended the Underhill School, a one-room schoolhouse, where he completed eighth grade. Bored with farm work, McCarthy started his own chicken business as a teenager, but disease wiped out his flock. Broke at age 20, he worked as a clerk in an Appleton grocery store, quickly becoming manager. In 1929, McCarthy was transferred to Manawa to manage a new grocery store. While there, he entered Little Wolf High School, completing the four-year curriculum in nine months. McCarthy’s excellent grades enabled him to attend Marquette University in Milwaukee, which he entered in the fall of 1930. In school, he coached boxing, and was elected president of his law school class, all while working a series of part-time jobs. Immediately after gaining his law degree in 1935, McCarthy opened a practice in Waupaca. He later joined a law firm in Shawano, becoming a partner in 1937. McCarthy's first attempt at public office was an unsuccessful run for the post of Shawano District Attorney as a Democrat in 1936. In 1939, he sought the nonpartisan post of judge in the Tenth Judicial Circuit, covering Langlade, Shawano, and Outagamie Counties. He campaigned tirelessly, defeating the incumbent judge, who had served for 24 years. At age 30, McCarthy became the youngest circuit judge ever elected in Wisconsin. Borrowing the money, McCarthy made a down-payment on a house at 1508 Lorain Court in Appleton, not far from his new office at the Outagamie County Courthouse. As a judge, McCarthy was credited with being hard-working and fair, but he was also rebuked by the Wisconsin Supreme Court for an "abuse of judicial authority" after destroying court records. He was later censured for violating the ethical code that prohibited sitting judges from running for non-judicial posts. In July, 1942, shortly after the start of World Wa...

EMPLOYER VS EMPLOYEE CONTRIBUTION HEALTHCARE WITH UNION WORKERS Thesis Proposal

EMPLOYER VS EMPLOYEE CONTRIBUTION HEALTHCARE WITH UNION WORKERS - Thesis Proposal Example evident that healthy humans or workers can only put in their best efforts and elevate organizations’ performance, their profits, their market share, and so on. This being the case, it is very crucial for the organizations, labor unions, and even government to adopt or come up with policies to safeguard and improve the health of the employees. Speaking of government’s role, although it is a joint federal/state system, the federal government has given the main responsibility of regulating health insurance policies regarding employees to the states. In addition, governments are encouraging organizations to come up with their own health insurance plans called employer contributed health insurance. under the McCarran-Ferguson Act. States regulate the content of health insurance policies and often require coverage of specific types of medical services or health care providersthey have The 1985 act of ‘The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation’ required that every employer having twenty or more employees should provide nonstop access to health coverage to workers who leave their jobs. Moreover the 1996 Act of ‘Health Insurance Portability and Accountability’ (HIPA) guarantees the employees that their company authorized health insurance cover will not be revocable under any preexisting exclusions. (Patel and Rushefsky 2006). Based on this enticing factor and other necessities, the health insurance cover can be enlarged. Provide a tax credit to companies that maintain or increase the size of U.S. workforce relative to workforce outside the United States...prepare workers for retirement; provide health insurance (Sullivan, 2008). â€Å"Small businesses currently get a tax deduction for health insurance paid, and even this is limited to only an income tax deduction for the owner. Convert this deduction into a dollar-for-dollar credit. Let small businesses reduce their tax burden by how much they spend on health insurance premi ums and health savings account

Internet Addiction Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internet Addiction - Article Example Some of the effects include increased depression, loneliness, antisocial behaviors influence into drug use and anxiety, which are exhibited by internet-addicted persons. In addition, the article claims that internet usage has grave effects on the mind of users. The article suggests that the effects on the mind are negative since internet usage requires less utilization of the brain hence reduced brain development. The most important fact in this article is that internet addiction is harming the users. This can be deduced from the author’s argument that â€Å"The current incarnation of the Internet--portable, social, accelerated, and all-pervasive--may be making us not just dumber or lonelier but more depressed and anxious, prone to obsessive-compulsive and attention-deficit disorders, even outright psychotic. Our digitized minds can scan like those of drug addicts, and normal people are breaking down in sad and seemingly new ways.† One of the strengths of the article is that the author makes use of convincing evidence obtained from credible sources. Almost all the claims are supported by evidence from a published study. An extra strength is that the author rarely uses his own opinion to prove a claim. One of the weaknesses of the article is the lack of conclusion. The author puts forward several arguments on how availability and use of the internet have affected human beings but never come to a conclusion. Another weakness is the several unanswered questions that the author has posted. A good example is on what should be done on the issue of internet addiction. The author keeps arguing about the effects of internet overuse but never gives a solution to this problem. In addition, the thesis statement is not well stated. It is only after reading a large part of the article that one can tell the question under discussion.

Oprah Winfrey Essay Example for Free

Oprah Winfrey Essay Oprah Winfrey, born on a farm in Mississippi to a teenage mother in 1954 came from nothing yet again is the world’s most successful lady who is a role model to many and has made it on her own. She is a success story, some one who has made history on American television by producing and hosting her own TV show, â€Å"The Oprah Winfrey Show† the show has won her countless awards and praises since its start in the year 1987. It is the top ranked show on television till this day (Oprah Winfrey Biography, 2006). She runs her own company. She has been the richest African American lady and the only Black billionaire in the world at one time and the most highly paid television host today. Success and Oprah have been together from the longest time. She has managed to win the hearts of all the Americans today with her hard work, determination, and dedication and confidence and has become the most watched television celebrity. She has been ranked the most influential lady of the 20th century from the past five years by the Time magazine (Oprah Winfrey Biography, 2006). She is considered as someone who can bring an enormous change because her popularity is beyond the pop culture and she has the capability and credibility to influence others. She has left a mark on everyone. Leadership is the ability to influence others by gaining the trust and support of the followers and Oprah has been able to do that. She is a born leader. She has all the attributes to become a successful leader and she has proved it to the world. It is her leadership qualities only that she has been able to maintain the standard of her show and live up to the expectations of her viewers. She runs a show, is an owner of a magazine, she’s into movie production, is a successful actress and all of these are her profitable businesses. She has become a brand name. She has set an example of being a superior and effective leader. She is intelligent and an educated lady, she is self confident she knows what she’s talking about. She has spoken on all kinds of issues on her show and brought the facts and figures in front of the world (Oprah Winfrey Biography, 2006). She is a stable lady, and flexible and honest and has an internal locus of control. She had the luck and believes in herself. She has the ability to understand others therefore she has created social awareness such as her effort to increase the awareness of child abuse where she was honest and bold enough to share her own child hood incident in front of the world. She has the communication skills to convince others and leave an impact and create a connection with the masses. During the time of Hurricane Katrina she made an appeal to everyone to openly donate and everybody did. Oprah runs her own charity too. She is a woman of high energy; she is running the show from the past sixteen years. Her role as the leader has been goal oriented and focused. She campaigned for Barack Obama last year. Only an effective leader can do so many things at one time. She takes timely decisions. She has adequate effort and talent and she knows how to spend it wisely. That is what leadership is all about. The queen of day time television has been an effective leader. She went through rough times during her childhood but she was a pessimistic and never lost hope. A positive attitude is an effective leader’s quality. Only when you yourself are positive you can motivate your subordinates. She was alert she wanted to create a change. She planned, organized, controlled and led while success followed her. She is good at what she is doing. Though she had all the fame and fortune this did not stop her from helping the under privileged. Oprah contributes millions of dollars every year for charities. She runs her own charity too. Good leaders make successful nations therefore the world needs more people like Oprah Winfrey.

Robert E. Lee Essay -- Robert Lee Biography Biograhies Essays

Robert E. Lee   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robert E. Lee was born on January 19, 1807 in Stafford, Virginia. The son of Lighthorse Harry Lee and was educated at the U.S. Military academy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1829 he graduated second in his class receiving a commission as second lieutenant in 1836 and captain in 1838. He distinguished himself in the Mexican War and was wounded in the storming of Chapultepec in 1847; for his meritorious service he received his third promotion in rank.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He became superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy and later appointed colonel of calvery. He was in command of the Department of Texas in 1860 and early the following year was summoned to Washington, D.C., when war between the states seemed imminent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  President Abraham Lincoln offered him the field of command of the Union forces but Lee refused. On April, 20 when Virginia succeeded from the Union, he submitted his resignation of the U.S. Army.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On April 23 he became commander in chief of the military and naval forces of Virginia. For a year he was military adviser to Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States of America, and was then placed in command of the Army in northern Virginia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In February 1865 Lee was made commander in chief of all Confederate armies; two months later the war was virtually ended by his surrender to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The masterly strategy of Lee was overcome only by the superior resources and troop str...

Leading and motivating a team Essay

Leading and motivating a team effectively and understanding leadership †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. is registered charity providing social housing. Its vision is homes and neighbourhood’s we can be all proud of. They put customer’s first, keeping a strong financially viable, socially responsible, well governed business which is learning and growing achieving continuous improvements while obtaining value for money. My team Sustainment and Support(S&S) provides support, advice and assistance to customers who are vulnerable or in need. We successfully sustained tenancies and communities for tenants and will give them a platform to address other challenging issues and circumstances within their lives. The service is tailored to the individuals support needs, which is identified through the initial assessment. The support incorporates an action plan which is reviewed regularly to make sure the actions are being met. The most important characteri stics of a successful organisations is the clarity of purpose, adherence to core values, a distinct identity and a clear vision of the aim of the organisation. A good vision keeps the organisation moving forward and is a good motivator for the staff to achieve the set goals. All teams within the housing directorate have set goals and like the S&S team these have to be achieved. Without goals there would be no direction for the staff to achieve and participating in making the organisation successful. These targets and achievements are discussed at one to ones, and team meetings so team members are aware of how their performance contributes to the overall targets set at strategic level to achieve success overall. Other options available are away days, global emails to staff and group sessions. Not everyone likes to be communicated the same way. Email and literature works for some, but others would rather listen and talk. Respect the person you’re trying to communicate with and use the method they prefer. Clear communication and understanding is essential giving you the ability to deal with any issues or concerns that the staff have effectively and quickly. High performing teams will have clear understanding of roles and responsibility acknowledges the objectives, functions appropriately while carrying out the required task. Monitoring performance and regular 1-1s will indicate areas which require addressing, while allowing the team to be open and honest about what works and doesn’t and encouraging them to provide  feedback will show areas of strength and ways to improve. Receiving support and guidance from senior managers will enhance your own capabilities to lead the team UNDERSTANDING LEADERSHIPS STYLES – Kurt Lewin (phycologist) researched and created a model Lewins leadership Styles putting them in 3 categories .Authoritarian – provide clear expectations for what needs to be done, when it should be done, and how it should be done. Participative- offer guidance to group members, but they also participate in the group and allow input from other group members. And delegation -offers little or no guidance to group members and leave decision-making up to group members. A leader needs to analyse personal abilities, the group and the situation, then select the best leadership style. A leader who chooses the most appropriate style and has the ability to adapt is likely to be successful. There are many factors which could influence choice, size, skill, experiences and knowledge, individuals with different personalities and backgrounds. Large teams may have staff with varying levels of skill. This may require the manager to adopt a more authoritarian style, providing clear communication so that everyone knows what to do to achieve goals and tasks. On the other hand, team leaders may take a more participative approach with other managers of equal standing in order to get their own team functioning efficiently. The delegating leadership style is thought to be most effective when the followers are comfortable taking responsibility, and have the experience to accomplish the necessary tasks. The leader provides guidance in the decision making process; then delegates. Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard were the first to describe the delegating leadership style and recommend that the leader move around the task maintenance grid with a specific situation. Group maturity is a measure of group growth and development High Maintenance and Low Task High Maintenance and High Task Low Maintenance and Low Task Low Maintenance and High Task Low – task behaviour providing direction High Authoritative management styles, which make expectations clear. These styles allow for little input or innovation from subordinates and may breed resentment, which can result in subordinates disengaging from the organization’s vision and lead to lower productivity levels. A leadership style that has significant positive effects on subordinates requires cultivation. It is as important to know the people on your team as it is to know your organization’s vision and policies, take time to learn about their families and hobbies. Developing your knowledge will enhance your respectability, and getting to know your team will create camaraderie and mutual trust. Willingness to listen, flexibility and mutual respect are, crucial to developing a leadership style likely to produce the coveted effects of high productivity, flexibility, innovation and loyalty on subordinates. Self assessment survey carried out as part of my ILM learning indicated scores of 34 participative (democratic) ,28 authoritarian(autocratic),24 delegation(free reign).During my Housing Diversity Network(HND) mentoring program I completed a more in depth assessment which highlighted my strengths weaknesses and potential leadership qualities sharing the report with my line manager, colleagues and mentor then receiving feedback I reviewed criticism constructively, examined my own skills and developed an action plan to address weakness’s to expand my leadership capabilities ,which included additional training, coaching, mentoring and attending workshops and seminars. Participative leadership is a managerial style I consider to have the attributes to succeed with, this links in with organisations working practices allowing structured teams to empower them selves delivering services which are flexible and adaptable while working within the guild lines of the companies policy and procedures. Motivate and developed at team To motivate a team to successfully achieve the set goals and to work effectively while maintaining and improving performance I feel the use of Abraham Maslow’s motivation theory as guidance that will ensure that the team are kept motivated The basis of this theory is that people are motivated by unsatisfied needs and that certain lower factors need to be satisfied before higher needs can.  As long as we are motivated to satisfy these cravings, then we are moving towards growth and self actualisation. Satisfying needs is healthy while preventing has a negative effect. My Sustainment and Support(S&S) south team was created in mid 2012 bringing together staff with various skills and different personalities. I assisted my manager to help motivate and drive the team forward to be successful in obtaining the objectives of the organisation within this new structure. This included having discussions in team meetings to see if any obstacles would hinder staff from functioning to their full capacity, identifying needs then implementing with team building exercises, which was forefront of the process. Maslow’s model mirrors this by making sure our working environment and personal needs are met, providing all aspects of s afety. Love and belonging created great team spirit and high moral which was required as to the intensive nature of the post, enhancing the team’s wellbeing by bringing in Yoga and meditation which created a team that functions well and gaining a reputation of successful tenant engagement where others have found it difficult, e.g. Tenant facing court proceedings for rent arrears ,not responding to Income management (IM) but engaging with S & S while we stabilise the tenancy. When these pre court visits were introduced team members initially refused to carry out this task stating it was not part of their job role. it was an IM function, discussions during team meeting about the subject matter became heated creating low moral .The following week I explained to the team if we carried out this task, was successful we could show case the talents of the team to the organisation, talked about the positive effects this would have on our clients and encouraged everyone to take on board , bein g able to communicate in this fashion proved successful. I supported and motivated a member of the team who I shall refer as C who was not functioning at the correct level and not achieving the teams and his own individual set goals. I was given this task as part of my own leadership development plus the manager had used all the resources and C was still not operating team’s objectives, this was having an impact on the rest of team as case loads increased. With the threat of disciplinary action and the impact this could have on the team I felt I had experience and knowledge to assist having previously been part of a team which included C for a number of years and was well aware their learning style. I now realise the process I used symbolises two theory  models working alongside each other Maslow’s and Hershey and Blanchard situation leadership style Looking at that model the four headings of Directing, Coaching, Supporting, Delegating I feel covers the method I used to resolve this problem Directing – Provide specific instructions clear and simple while closely supervising task accomplishments Coaching – Continues to direct and closely supervise task accomplishments, but also explains decisions, solicits suggestions and supports progress Supporting – Facilitates and supports subordinates efforts toward task accomplishments and shares responsibility for decision making with them Delegating – Turns over responsibility for decision making and problem solving to subordinates. If we look at the Maslow triangle Physiological – In this case study for C there was a lack of confidence, knowledge and understanding Security – C felt threatened in his new role that perhaps he couldn’t achieve but now he feels his expertise is being recognised Loving and belonging – C initially felt isolated that the team had developed quicker than him, with the team being a strong supporting group they also assisted in the process Esteem- self esteem was low but grew as C developed Self actualisation – This is about reaching full potential, where I feel there has been significant change and is more motivated, there is still more room for development Looking at the actions taken below I do feel that in the process, styles were combined together to achieve a result. Bibliography www.teambuilding.co.uk/team-building-theory-maslow.html ILM learning material

Essay on Causes Effects of the Holocaust - 1422 Words

Causes Effects of the Holocaust There are times in history when desperate people plagued by desperate situations blindly give evil men power. These men, once given power, have only their own evil agendas to carry out. The Holocaust was the result of one such mans agenda. In short simplicity, shear terror, brutality, inhumanity, injustice, irresponsibility, immorality, stupidity, hatred, and pure evil are but a few words to describe the Holocaust. A holocaust is defined as a disaster that results with the tremendous loss of human life. History, however, generally identifies the Holocaust to be the series of events that occurred in the years before and during World War II. The Holocaust started in 1933 with the persecuting and†¦show more content†¦Instead, he believed that the betrayal and trickery of Communists and Jews, the evil partners of the Allies, had defeated Germany. (Resnick p. 16) But, Exactly when Hitlers eliminationist hatred of the Jews took form in his mind is still a matter of debate. (McFee p. 2) Hitler was obsessed with the racial superiority he believed the German peoples had over all other inferior peoples. He wanted to rule the world, but in order to carry out his solution, he needed to convince the German people to listen to him. Perhaps Hitler would never have been able to do what he did had World War I never occurred. As Resnick said in his book, The Holocaust; After World War I, Germany was trying to rebuild and recover#8230;Both the Treaty of Versailles and the Great Depression severely afflicted Germany. In many respects, these terrible conditions made Hitlers rise to power possible. (Resnick p. 15) People in desperate situations will listen to anyone offering a way out. Hitler offered not only a way out of Germanys turmoil, but also someone to blame for it; he pointed at the Jews. The Jews were not the only people persecuted and exterminated by Hitler and his regime... (Resnick p. 11) Gypsies, homo-sexuals, cripples, Jehovahs Witnesses, Catholic priests, the terminally ill, and Communists would all fall victims to the hatred and brutality of the Nazis. However, the attributes that made them worthy for elimination, according to Hitler, were allShow MoreRelatedThe Cause And Effect Of The Holocaust1811 Words   |  8 Pages2015 The Cause and Effect of the Holocaust Throughout the endless history, there were lots of important and influential event. For example the Dark Age, Enlightenment, Civil War, World War I and II and the Cold War. Over all of these event, there was one event that deeply influence the world and the Jews today, it was the Holocaust. Holocaust, a term that people use to describe the horrible event that happened during World War II which kill millions of innocent citizens. 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Study On Corporate Governance In The Middle East Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3520 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Region, state-owned enterprises (SOE), Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) ,International Federation of National Associations for Accountants and lawyers(INSOL Introduction: Good corporate governance is essential for modern, well-managed corporations. Many Middle Eastern enterprises have reached a stage in their corporate life where improving transparency, professionalizing board practices, and reinforcing shareholder rights have become crucial to their future growth and competitiveness. Recent interactions in the Middle East clearly revealed the importance of governance, with people recognizing both international governance principles and how such principles fit within their individual cultures. Board functions, board and management relations, and directors responsibility to act in the best interests of the company they serve (rather than of those who elected them) were all apparent principles. Fundamental to democracy is citizen participation, the freedom to assemble and the freedom to petition the government. A high level of interaction and dialogue between the state and the private sector on issues of concern increases effectiveness. Business organizations and business leaders must be able to share their positions with the government officials who respect their views. When the private sector advocates for legislative reform to improve the business environment and the countrys economy, and the government responds positively, governments in the Middle East and elsewhere are recognizing the positive benefit to society as a whole. Governance is a journey, not a destination. With the participation and voices of the public and private sectors of all countries, in the Middle East and around the world, we all continue to grow together, positively affecting our companies and our countries. Corporate Governance has been practiced for as long as there have been corporate entities. Yet the study of the important crucial subject is less than half a century old. Indeed, the phrase corporate governance was randomly used until the 1980s.The 19th century saw the foundation laid for modern corporation: this was the century of the e ntrepreneur. The 20th century was the century of management: the phenomenal growth of management theories, management practices, management consultants, management institutions, management teaching, and management gurus, which all simultaneously reflected a pre-occupation with different styles of management. Now the 21st century promises to be the century of thinking on the subject of governance: As the focus swings to the legitimacy and the effectiveness of the wielding of power over corporate entities worldwide. Governance issues arise whenever a corporate entity acquires a life of its own, and the basis of ownership of an enterprise is separated from its management. A much quoted comment by Adam Smith shows that he understood the issue of corporate governance, Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study On Corporate Governance In The Middle East Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The directors of companies, being managers of the peoples money than their own, it cannot well be expected that they should watch over it with the same anxious vigilance with which the partners in a private copartners frequently watch over their own (smith 1776). New concepts of corporate governances: Overall, corporate governance continues to evolve. The metamorphosis that will determine the bounds and the structure of the subject has yet to occur. Present practice is still rooted in a 19th century legal concept of the corporation that is totally inadequate in the emerging global business environment. Present theory is even less capable of explaining coherently the way that modern corporate organizations are governed and worked. The recent financial crisis prompted by the securitization of sub-prime mortgage loans in the United State, which led to the collapse, takeover and, in some cases, nationalization of banks and other financial institutions around the world raised some fundamental corporate governance issues. There are few questions rise up in my mind: Where were the directors of these failed institutions, particularly the independent directors who were supposed to provide checks on overenthusiastic executives? Did the boards understand their firms exposure to strategic risk? Will those who designed and encouraged the derivative products and securitization systems be held to account? Did the auditors ensure that their clients exposure to risk was reported? Were any of the companies, financial institutions or financial intermediately activities illegal? The global economic and financial crisis is also affecting the MENA region, and threatening its capacity to attain the necessary level of economic growth in order to meet the demands of citizens in search of improved welfare, without destroying natural resources. One of the fundamental lessons to be learned from the global financial crisis is that future strategies cannot be adopted without coordinating public policies at all levels of governance, and without the participation of government, local authorities, legal advisor, civil society and the media at different levels. Around the world, in large and small corporate, in the public and the private sectors, governance has become the focus of attention. The exercise of power over corporate entities, the legitimacy of companies and their directors, the effectiveness of governing bodies, and their accountability in society have become crucial topics. The innovative field of corporate governance is expanding and changing dramatically at very fast pace. Twenty-five years ago the phrase corporate governance was not used in corporate sector but now, it is frequently and prominently being used in corporate world. Corporate Governance in Middle East region: For the past few years a corporate governance movement has been sweeping through the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Practitioners from capital markets, banks, the public and private sectors, and other civil society groups have accepted the need to address corporate governance reform as one of the crucial aspect affecting the international competitiveness, the investment climate and the development of the capital markets of the MENA region. This collaboration is crucial because corporate governance ultimately depends on public-private sector cooperation to achieve the goals of creating a competitive market system and the development of a law justice based society. Recent research and experience show that certain key corporate governance arrangements are critical to private-sector which has led economic growth, enhanced welfare activities, increased flow of investment, development of capital market, financial market efficiency and corporate sector performance. MENA countrie s, in their efforts to stimulate growth, employment and investment, increasing acknowledge the talent and has improved corporate governance for the success of the economic reforms. MENA countries in co-operation with the OECD working group and other multilateral or bilateral association is also working on governance in order to highlight priorities and possible suggestions and recommendations for reform to improve corporate governance frameworks, promote legal changes and progress with reforms of the corporate governance of state-owned enterprises (SOE). In Middle East region, businesses are classified as having: Concentrated ownership, with strong family ownership of both private and listed, companies with state ownership. Dominant family oversight and control, with leadership from the head of the family, entrepreneurial decision making, opaque communications, and relationship base trading. Debt financing in which bank financing is often more than shareholders equ ity. Banking sector equity investment, with banks holding significant shares in companies. The states are typically grouped together as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The MENA region includes: Table: A The MENA states ________________________________________________________________________ Algeria Jordan Iraq Morocco Syria Bahrain Kuwait Iran Sultanate of Oman U.A.E. Egypt Lebanon Israel Qatar Tunisia Djibouti Libya Malta Saudi Arabia West Bank and Gaza ________________________________________________________________________ Sources: https://go.worldbank.org/ Broadly, some of these countries have relatively low GDPs and slow industrial growth. In recent years the oil producing countries, benefiting from rising oil prices, have generated large surpluses, which have been invested abroad. Banking reforms have attempted to channel some of these saving into local growth, but domestic financial markets were not so emergent. States also appreciate the need to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and, therefore, recognize the importance of sound corporate governance. Since the capital markets are not so emergent characterized as small size therefore facing liquidity. Consequently the market does not offer opportunities to investors. Of course there are exceptions to such aforesaid general observations, like Dubai Abu Dhabi (UAE) are making massive investment in tourism and property, whilst attempting to become an international financial centre. Recent evidence shows in UAE, Burj Khalifa is not a just a building, it is a global icon. As the tallest free-standing man-made structure in the world, the gleaming tower reaching to 828 meters in the sky is an example of courage and mans ability to realize the dreams. The MENA region is an economically diverse region that includes countries with a common heritage and significant distinctions in levels of per capita income. Mostly is single-commodity (oil) economy dependent, despite the continuous and tremendous efforts done to diverse the economies. The countries region can be categorized in three distinct economic statutes. The first are the early reformers such as Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia which embarked on economic reform programs since mid-1980s opening up their economies to foreign investments, privatizing state-owned enterprises, reducing budget deficit and inflation and liberalized their trade. Securities markets in these countries were established and revitalized5 to be the main vehicle for implementing the privatizati on program. The second are the oil exporting states mainly the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in which their economies heavily dependent on producing and exporting oil. They achieved relatively macroeconomic stability mainly for the continuous increase in oil prices and despite of the recent Iraqi war. Despite the strong fundamentals of these economies, securities markets role, in most of GCC countries, yet minimal in growth. The third category are countries still hasnt achieved economic stability yet either due to political instability such as in West Bank Gaza and in Iraq, or they are in their early stages of reforms such as Lebanon, Syria, Algeria, Sudan, Libya and Yemen. Securities markets in these countries are either relatively small or doesnt exist. The MENA region GDP, in terms of current U.S. dollars, is near US$ 600 billion, about 2% on average of the Worlds GDP in 2001 and 20027. Due to the substantial increase in oil prices, national savings -especially in the oil producing countries- exceeded investments resulting in substantial accumulation of financial assets abroad. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait constituted 3.3% and 2.4% respectively of total global export of capital flows in year 2001, while in 2002, Saudi Arabia share declined to 2.2% and for Kuwait was below 1%9, which might explains the outstanding performance of both markets recently. Market capitalization of MENA region markets amounts for US$ 209 billion in 2002, about 1% of world market capitalization10 and about 35% of MENAs GDP. Saudi Arabia is the largest in terms of capitalization with 36% of total market capitalization of MENA markets in 2002, followed by Kuwait and Egypt with share 17% and 12% respectively. The most active during year 2002 was Kuwait Securities Market with 61% turnover ratio11 followed by Saudi Arabia and Egypt with 41% and 24%, respectively. Six of the eighteen MENA countries (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia and the United Arab of Emirates) und ergone the exercise of Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). The exercises covered four main areas out of ten. Egypt, Jordan and Morocco are represented in the SP/IFC indices and in the MSCI EMF indices. Saudi Arabia and Bahrain are represented only in the SP/IFC indices. With exception of Egypt, Jordan and Morocco which opened their markets to foreign participation since they embarked on economic reform programs, still some shared a main characteristic of restricting foreign participation and ownership, mostly in GCC countries. In GCC countries, access to their capital markets was restricted to GCC nationals and residents only. However under the pressure to diversify their economies and the attempt to be immune from volatile oil prices, regional markets commenced on allowing gradually foreign investment in their market. Bahrain was one of the earliest GCC countries that opened up its market to foreig ners. According to an Amiri decree, non-GCC residences have been allowed to own up to 49% of capital. Also, Bahrain Stock Exchange was the first to list non-GCC Company. Oman opened its market to foreigners since 1998 with the issuance of Royal decree number 80. As for the Kuwaiti market, currently foreigners are allowed to participate in the securities markets. Under the new Foreign Direct Investment Law issued in April 2001 foreigners are allowed to own up to 100% of Kuwaiti companies subject to some conditions. As for portfolio investments, Portfolio Foreign Investment Law issued in September 2000 allowing foreigners to own and trade shares of joint-stock companies listed on the Kuwaiti Stock Exchange condition on neither an individual nor group of foreigners may own more than 5% of capital of a Kuwaiti bank unless approved by Central Bank of Kuwait. Saudi Arabia allows foreign investors to participate in the securities market through investing in open-end mutual funds. In 199 7, the first special purpose vehicle (SPV) was established to facilitate foreign portfolio investment in equities. Qatar, recently, allowed GCC citizens and expatriates to invest in the Doha Securities Market as an initial phase to introduce new law that will allow foreign investments. Dubai Declaration on Corporate Governance: The Dubai Declaration by Hawkamahs first MENA conference in Dubai formulates a road map and key corporate governance initiatives for the region, writes Bhaskar Raj Good corporate governance is a vital key factor in sustaining economic growth and development in the Gulf region. Policy makers are taking the lead and committing to secure significantly higher standards of corporate governance in the member countries of the GCC. Policy makers, regulators, representatives from regional and international organisations, and business leaders from across the Middle East and North Africa, representing countries of Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE, gathered in Dubai to jointly issue the Dubai Declaration on Corporate Governance. This was a landmark event for the region, and they agreed upon following initiatives for reforms in governance: The criteria of two taskforces: one focusing on the corporate governance of banks; and a s econd focusing on the corporate governance of State-Owned Enterprises. The issuance of two policy briefs: one for banks; and a second for SOEs; both to be approved by the relevant taskforces. The consideration of issues relating to the corporate governance of Shariah compliant banks and financial institutions and the importance of ensuring that regional corporate governance frameworks and standards are in line with international codes and the key standards, whilst at the same time remaining consistent with Shariah rules. The preparation of a corporate governance survey of SOEs, to be developed on a consultative basis with the cooperation of key organizations and governments. The recognition of a need to tackle issues surrounding insolvency and corporate restructuring. The Hawkamah Hawkamah, the Institute for Corporate Governance, is a regional entity whose mission is to assist countries and companies of the wider MENA region in developing sound and globally well-integrated corporate governance frameworks, policy and practices. It supports regional and international initiatives to develop open and transparent markets and sound corporate governance regimes. The OECD and Hawkamah works with INSOL and the World Bank and invite ministries, financial institutions, the judiciary, representatives of OECD countries and other regional and international bodies, to meet and to discuss these issues during the first half of 2007. Executive Director of Hawkamah Nasser Saidi outlined Whilst there is still a need for raising awareness and capacity building in this field, we have made significant headway in terms of taskforces, policy briefs, addressing corporate governance in Islamic banking and finance, corporate restructuring and insolvency, family-owned enterprises and small medium enterprises. We now move towards concrete actions and direction resulting from these principles, facilitating the design of a comprehensive roadmap for corporate governance in our region. This will enable us to achieve our ultimate goals of encouraging investment, project finance, job creation and the development of sound financial markets. Need for successful corporate governance: The values of corporate governance: transparency, accountability, and responsibility offer the key for the modernization of the countries of the Middle East and North Africa. The private sector business community can play a leading role in economic, political, and social reforms in the region. In fact, reforms led by the private sector provide the greatest promise for meeting the challenges caused by the regions tepid economic growth and surging youth demographic. Sound corporate governance practices will attract new, much needed investment to the Middle East and North Africa because they improve their management of firms and reduce risk. National institutions, laws, regulations, and practices based on international norms and standards would enable the countries of the region to modernize their corporate sectors, enabling them to attract technology and foreign investment and become internationally competitive. Furthermore, political and sovereign risk would be reduced and econom ic performance and outcomes would be de-linked from ruling political regimes and a dependence on oil and gas resources. Perhaps more importantly, the process of designing and implementing the basics of corporate governance-transparency and regular reporting, independent auditing, removal of conflicts of interest, ethics, protection of minority shareholders rights-provides a foundation for meaningful reform in the economic sector and elsewhere in society. It is clear that there is no one ideal structure for corporate governance. Many alternative structures can work well in the appropriate context. In fact, despite all the commentary on governance structure-unitary and two-tier board, the proportion of INEDs, the separation of chairman and CEO, board committees and the rest, the issue of effective governance is not really about structure but about process. As we have seen some of the different ways countries and cultures apply in the corporate governance, we can now identify the fe w thrust areas that are needed to support successful governance. These include: Accounting and legal professions that are internationally respected, able to discipline their members, and ensure compliance with accounting standards, and legal requirement. A companys registry that facilities comprehensive disclosure, with high levels of transparency. Always vigilance regulatory authorities including securities and future market regulators. A stock market with sufficient degree of liquidity, standing on international norms and foreign and institutional investors. Auditing firms that are professionally managed, reliable, and independent of their clients. A reliable legal system including an independent judiciary, courts that are bias and corruption free, and judgments those are enforceable, free of state or other political pressures. Accountability fix for financial institutions, including brokers, sponsor for new issues, and financial advisors. Professional orga nizations such as director and company secretary qualifying and disciplining bodies. Accountability also given to educational institutions to develop education standard and train for relevant qualifications require for corporate governance. Consulting agencies able to advice companies and its directors. With the support of private and public organization, seminars, workshop to be conducted or organized on different platforms, and conclusion report to be sent to competent authority for taking decisions. Research institution making research on different aspects of corporate governance according to the need of region. Research publications, international conferences and professional journals play a significant contribution to the convergence of corporate governance thinking and practice. Formulate corporate governance codes of good practices. Just implementing Western rules and standards will not improve corporate governance and accounting quality in MENA region. Stan dards alone do not help. There need to be more disclosure on key government variables and related party transactions. They are more important than accounting. Other important changes include building the right market infrastructures and systems for companies to operate, as well as leveling the playing filed between government-owned and privately-owned firms. Conclusion: The paper attempted to provide an overview on corporate governance in the MENA regions markets.. It is evident that MENA markets in the recent decade undergone number of reforms and restructuring on legislative and infrastructure fronts. However, cautious should be taken while adopting and implementing measures of reform. Moving towards a self-regulatory organization (SRO) model without matured institutions is dangerous. Limited institutional capacity, overlapping regulatory functions among authorities and lack of fast track dispute settlement are impediments for SROs. Maturity is not only in terms of laws and regulations but also in terms of practice and enforcement. Thus, adopting self-regulatory organizations (SRO) model remains a future challenge to regional markets. Market discipline, with its various tools, still not yet developed to an extent that improves corporate governance practices; markets are either inefficient or utmost weakly efficient. Thus proper valuation and realized premiums are not really reflective to the soundness corporate governance practice. Thus, market discipline is an element that will not be observed until markets efficiency improves and investors culture develops. Market discipline is both a result and supplementary of massive reforms towards better governance which is only observed in matured efficient markets. Thus, reformers should work on allowing appropriate and even environment for both systems. Which of either system are best for regional markets? Is a question imposes itself. Fundamentally, traditions and cultures should be allowed implicitly to choose their acquaintance with one of the two systems and not vice versa. Using the opposite direction might result in institutional failure, market crises and the collapse of the investors wealth. Previous emerging market crises were good evidence. The key issue is that sound corporate governance practices are reached when trust and confidence is observed. Policy maker s and reformers should realize that better corporate governance practices is function of the soundness of the total system and that this parameter is significant and influential given the characteristics of the regional markets.